A review on techno-economic assessment of Spirulina for sustainable nutraceutical, medicinal, environmental, and bioenergy applications

Musa, Musa Nasiru and Jirgi, Ghazali Musa and Zango, Zakariyya Uba and Isah, Marnawi Nasiru and Abdurrazak, Muhammad and Adamu, Adamu Ahmad and Wadi, Ismael A. and Adeleke, Adekunle Akanni and Garba, Zaharaddeen N. and Bello, Usman and Adamu, Haruna and Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Ahmad and Bokov, Dmitry Olegovich (2025) A review on techno-economic assessment of Spirulina for sustainable nutraceutical, medicinal, environmental, and bioenergy applications. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 12 (1). ISSN 21974365

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Abstract

Global population growth underlies the need to explore alternative materials to address pressing challenges in food security, medicine, energy, and environmental pollution. Spirulina is a nutrient dense cyanobacteria that offers promising solutions to the aforementioned challenges, mainly due to its rich composition of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds such as β-carotene and phycocyanin. These compounds confer various health benefits, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, which make Spirulina a valuable dietary and therapeutic supplement. Essential fatty acids and its rapid growth rate also makes Spirulina a potential source of biodiesel for energy related applications. Additionally, Spirulina's high porosity and variable functional groups endow it with remarkable biosorption properties for soil and wastewater remediation applications. The chemical structure and unique properties of Spirulina have been utilized to produce biotemplates for nanomaterials as well as the fabrication of functional composites for various applications. Thus, in this review, we have highlighted the broad potentials of Spirulina in diverse applications, emphasizing its eco-friendliness, economic viability, challenges, and the prospects of its biomass for sustainable, nutraceutical, therapeutic, energy related, and environmental applications. © The Author(s) 2025.

Item Type: Article
Impact Factor: Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Gold Open Access
Uncontrolled Keywords: Agricultural pollution; Air pollution; Bioremediation; Insulator contamination; Natural attenuation; Thermal pollution; Water pollution; Alternative materials; Bio-energy; Energy; Environmental remediation; Global population; Nutraceuticals; Population growth; Property; Spirulina; Techno-economic assessment; Soil pollution
Depositing User: Mr Ahmad Suhairi Mohamed Lazim
Date Deposited: 04 Jul 2025 16:32
Last Modified: 04 Jul 2025 16:32
URI: http://scholars.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/38854

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