Performance of hydrogen direct injection engine

Hydrogen’s high flammability, low ignition energy, clean burning, and high flame speed are attractive advantages of using internal combustion engines to attain high performance and efficiency as well as achieving “real” clean emission with only water and carbon dioxide as exhaust. To overcome volumetric efficiency loss, high NOx emissions and abnormal combustion, the influence of air–fuel ratio is studied. Optimization of the air–fuel ratio effect and understanding of the combustion processes are actively being studied in the automotive industry and research institutions.