Gestural Interaction Design Model to Support Car Drivers Interacting with Smartphone

The number of collisions on the road is alarming, and one of the major contributing factors is drivers� habit of using smartphones while driving. The issue is attributed to the driver�s state when interacting with smartphone user interfaces, particularly when driving in a confined space with minimal distraction. The current method of interacting between the driver and smartphone user interfaces is not ergonomic or safe. The gestural interface is seen as a potential solution to this issue. However, it needs to be further investigated to support drivers� driving conditions. Therefore, this paper presents a gestural interaction design model which consists of four key components: user interface design, cognitive, ergonomic and safety, and distraction. These components are derived from a thorough literature review and theoretical background analysis. These four components are seen to be the key elements to be included in the development of the conceptual model to address the current challenges faced by drivers. The components are addressed based on three age group drivers: 18�35 years old, 36�50 years old and more than 50 years old. The outcome of the developed model could assist the drivers in engaging with the smartphone safely and contribute to the reduction in car crash cases in the long run. This will guide future smartphone developers to build a more user-centred smartphone user interface that will support drivers� interaction based on age category. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.